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Find out moreThe final Law Update of 2022 is here, and it’s packed full of articles. The double edition features two focus areas, first is a spotlight on Energy and Resources and second we feature a collection of articles on Transport and Logistics. The developments occurring in these sectors in the MENA region are unprecedented and our lawyers cover vast themes for you.
The Energy and Resources focus features topics such as diversifying energy resources, solar PV, mining in the Middle East, renewable energy and green hydrogen. From a transport perspective, we draw attention to the Bahrain metro project, discuss the challenges and remedies associated with the repossession of an aircraft, and there is advice on what to consider should a party vary the terms of a shipping contract.
This edition navigates you through updates from across jurisdictions such as, Oman, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iraq, Qatar, and the UAE. Each article is timely and provides insights into legal issues and cases that are affecting these sectors across the region.
Read the full editionRamy El Demrdash
Esier Kim
April 2014
The Electronic Transactions Law does not itself pertain to a certain system, but rather provides a set of provisions relating to the use of electronic communication as a recognisable mechanism in Kuwait. The Electronic Transactions Law provides certainty for electronic transactions and allows electronic commerce to operate on the same basis as paper transactions. Prior to the issuance of the Electronic Transactions Law, it was a requirement of a paper transaction that a person:
As per the provisions of the Electronic Transactions Law, a person is now allowed to satisfy a legal requirement for a manual signature by using an electronic communication. Additionally, article 9 of the Electronic Transactions Law sets forth the conditions which give the electronic document legal effect. For example, the electronic communication must be maintained in the form in which it was created, sent and received, or in any other form which proves the accuracy of the information contained in the document as it was sent, created or received. Notwithstanding the above, the Electronic Transactions Law has exempted the following from its operation:
What is notable about the Electronic Transactions Law is that an electronic signature holds the same legal effect as a manual signature on a paper transaction. The electronic signature may refer to the information in the form of letters, numbers or symbols, which may be filled in electronically, digitally, optically, or in any other similar means, on an electronic document or register (or one added or relating thereto), which has a stamp that allows determination of the identity of the signatory and which differentiates him from others.
The Electronic Transactions Law provides that a signature shall be considered as a protected electronic signature if the following conditions are met:
The Electronic Transactions Law aims to streamline and unify the laws to allow for both the electronic retention of original paper copies, and to effectively grant legally binding status to original electronic documents and signatures.
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